A solfatara is a type of volcano consisting of a fumaiolic field and characterized by the emission of sulfurous vapors and gases.
The Solfatara of Pozzuoli (Naples) is certainly the best known in our Peninsula. It is one of the 40 volcanoes that characterize the Campi Flegrei area and is currently in a dormant state.
The Solfatara of Pozzuoli is nothing more than an outlet valve for the enormous mass of subterraneous magma. Sulfurous fumaroles and mud jets constitute the main activity of the large elliptical-shaped crater.
The largest fumarole is called Bocca grande and is characterized by the strong smell of sulfur and the escape of steam that can reach up to 160°C.
The solfatara was formed about 3,900 years ago, and already at the time of the Roman Empire it was well known and exploited for the extraction of alum and whitewash (which was then used as putty). Beginning in the 18th century, however, the sulfur waters and sulfur mud of the solfatara were exploited mainly for their medicinal properties so much so that a spa was built there.
